phpMyAdminを安全に運用する為のセキュリティ対策
phpMyAdminは、たびたび脆弱性が指摘されており、安全に運用する為のセキュリティ対策
mod_sslインストール
phpMyAdminの通信経路を暗号化（SSL）して、パスワードの漏洩を防止
IUSリポジトリ使ってApacheをインストールしたのでmod_sslもIUSリポジトリからインストール # yum --disablerepo=base,extras,updates --enablerepo=ius install mod_ssl
秘密鍵を生成
# mkdir /etc/tls/ # cd /etc/tls/ # openssl genrsa -out apache.key 2048
CSRを生成
# openssl req -new -key apache.key -out apache.csr Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:JP[国識別子][Enter] State or Province Name (full name) []:Tokyo[都道府県名][Enter] Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Shibuya-ku[市区町村名][Enter] Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Example Inc.[組織名][Enter] Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Example Section[部署名][Enter] Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:example.com[ドメイン名][Enter] Email Address []:[Enter] Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []:[Enter] An optional company name []:[Enter]
証明書を生成
※期間を10年で作成 # openssl x509 -in apache.csr -out apache.crt -req -signkey apache.key -days 3650
パーミッションを変更
# chmod 400 apache.*
ssl.confの設定
/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
変更前にバックアップ
# cp -p /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf_`date "+%Y%m%d%H%M%S"`
Listen 443 https #SSLPassPhraseDialog exec:/usr/libexec/httpd-ssl-pass-dialog SSLPassPhraseDialog builtin SSLSessionCache shmcb:/run/httpd/sslcache(512000) SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300 SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 256 SSLRandomSeed connect builtin SSLCryptoDevice builtin LogLevel warn
VirtualHost設定
# mkdir -p /var/www/ip/html/
/etc/httpd/conf.d/11-ip.conf
SSL化の設定、IP制限の設定を追加
<VirtualHost XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX:80>
ServerName XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX
DocumentRoot /var/www/ip/html
<Directory /var/www/ip>
AllowOverride none
Options None
Require all denied
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/ip/html>
Require method GET POST
Options FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine On
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/ip/html/phpMyAdmin>
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R,L]
### IP制限 ###
<RequireAll>
<RequireAny>
Require all denied
Require ip 999.999.999.999
</RequireAny>
Require method GET POST
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
CustomLog logs/ip_access_log combined_tab env=!nolog
ErrorLog logs/ip_error_log
</VirtualHost>
※「XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX」はサーバのIPアドレスを設定します。
「999.999.999.999」は接続元（会社/自宅等）のIPアドレスを設定します。
/etc/httpd/conf.d/51-ip-ssl.conf
SSL化の設定、ベーシック認証・IP制限の設定を追加
<VirtualHost XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX:443>
ServerName XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX
DocumentRoot /var/www/ip/html
SSLEngine on
SSLVerifyClient none
SSLCompression off
SSLHonorCipherOrder on
# SSLProtocol all -SSLv3
# SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!MD5:!RC4
SSLProtocol ALL -SSLv2 -SSLv3
SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!DH:!3DES
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/tls/apache.key
SSLCertificateFile /etc/tls/apache.crt
Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000"
<Directory /var/www/ip>
AllowOverride none
Options None
Require all denied
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/ip/html>
Require method GET POST
Options FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine On
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/ip/html/phpMyAdmin>
### ベーシック認証・IP制限 ###
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Input ID and Password."
AuthUserFile /var/www/ip/.htpasswd
<RequireAll>
<RequireAny>
Require all denied
Require ip 999.999.999.999
</RequireAny>
Require method GET POST
Require valid-user
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
CustomLog logs/ip_ssl_access_log combined_tab env=!nolog
ErrorLog logs/ip_ssl_error_log
</VirtualHost>
※「XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX」はサーバのIPアドレスを設定します。
「999.999.999.999」は接続元（会社/自宅等）のIPアドレスを設定します。
Basic認証の設定
ユーザへのパスワード発行
新しいパスワードファイルを作成 htpasswd -c -b [ファイル名] [ユーザ] [パスワード] # htpasswd -c -b /var/www/ip/.htpasswd test_user1 password1 すでにhtpasswdファイルがあって追記する場合 htpasswd -b [ファイル名] [ユーザ] [パスワード] # htpasswd -b /var/www/ip/.htpasswd test_user2 password2
シンタックスチェック
# service httpd configtest Syntax OK
※シンタックスエラーがないことを確認
設定ファイルの再読み込み
# systemctl reload httpd.service
「https://サーバのIPアドレス/phpMyAdmin/」にアクセスすると「ベーシック認証画面」が表示され、認証後に「phpMyAdminのログイン画面」が表示されます。
※今回は自己証明書（オレオレ証明書）の為、ブラウザから信頼されてないサイトへのアクセスという警告が表示されますが、通信経路を暗号化が目的ですのでこれでよしとします。
※参考：Cipher Suite（暗号アルゴリズムの組み合わせ）の一覧を確認
利用可能な全ての暗号スイートの確認 # openssl ciphers -v ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384 ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384 ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 DH-DSS-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD DHE-DSS-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD DH-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256 DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256 DH-RSA-AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256 DH-DSS-AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 DH-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 DH-DSS-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=Camellia(256) Mac=SHA1 DHE-DSS-CAMELLIA256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=Camellia(256) Mac=SHA1 DH-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=Camellia(256) Mac=SHA1 DH-DSS-CAMELLIA256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=Camellia(256) Mac=SHA1 ECDH-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD ECDH-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD ECDH-RSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384 ECDH-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384 ECDH-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 ECDH-ECDSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256 AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 CAMELLIA256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=Camellia(256) Mac=SHA1 PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA SSLv3 Kx=PSK Au=PSK Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 DH-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD DH-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 DH-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 DH-DSS-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 DH-RSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 DH-DSS-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 DHE-RSA-SEED-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=SEED(128) Mac=SHA1 DHE-DSS-SEED-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=SEED(128) Mac=SHA1 DH-RSA-SEED-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=SEED(128) Mac=SHA1 DH-DSS-SEED-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=SEED(128) Mac=SHA1 DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=Camellia(128) Mac=SHA1 DHE-DSS-CAMELLIA128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=Camellia(128) Mac=SHA1 DH-RSA-CAMELLIA128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=Camellia(128) Mac=SHA1 DH-DSS-CAMELLIA128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=Camellia(128) Mac=SHA1 ECDH-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD ECDH-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD ECDH-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 ECDH-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 ECDH-RSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 ECDH-ECDSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 SEED-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=SEED(128) Mac=SHA1 CAMELLIA128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=Camellia(128) Mac=SHA1 PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA SSLv3 Kx=PSK Au=PSK Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 DH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 DH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 ECDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 ECDH-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 IDEA-CBC-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=IDEA(128) Mac=SHA1 PSK-3DES-EDE-CBC-SHA SSLv3 Kx=PSK Au=PSK Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 KRB5-IDEA-CBC-SHA SSLv3 Kx=KRB5 Au=KRB5 Enc=IDEA(128) Mac=SHA1 KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=KRB5 Au=KRB5 Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 KRB5-IDEA-CBC-MD5 SSLv3 Kx=KRB5 Au=KRB5 Enc=IDEA(128) Mac=MD5 KRB5-DES-CBC3-MD5 SSLv3 Kx=KRB5 Au=KRB5 Enc=3DES(168) Mac=MD5 ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 ECDHE-ECDSA-RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 ECDH-RSA-RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 ECDH-ECDSA-RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 RC4-MD5 SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=RC4(128) Mac=MD5 PSK-RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=PSK Au=PSK Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 KRB5-RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=KRB5 Au=KRB5 Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 KRB5-RC4-MD5 SSLv3 Kx=KRB5 Au=KRB5 Enc=RC4(128) Mac=MD5
制限した時の暗号スイートの確認 # openssl ciphers -v 'HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!DH:!3DES' ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384 ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384 ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 ECDH-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD ECDH-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD ECDH-RSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384 ECDH-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384 ECDH-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 ECDH-ECDSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256 AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 CAMELLIA256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=Camellia(256) Mac=SHA1 PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA SSLv3 Kx=PSK Au=PSK Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 ECDH-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD ECDH-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD ECDH-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 ECDH-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 ECDH-RSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 ECDH-ECDSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 CAMELLIA128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=Camellia(128) Mac=SHA1 PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA SSLv3 Kx=PSK Au=PSK Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1
ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384：暗号スイート名 TLSv1.2：暗号スイートを使用できるSSLバージョン Kx=ECDH：鍵交換方式 Au=RSA：鍵認証方式 Enc=AESGCM(256)：メッセージ暗号方式 Mac=AEAD：メッセージ署名方式